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. 2018 Jul 12;8:10499. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28909-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) The schematic illustration of the interband (at 3.1 eV) and intraband (at 1.55 eV) excitation and the relaxation of the excited conduction-band electrons into plasmonic oscillation. Δτ measures the time delay for the interband excitation produced electrons to “join” the plasmonic oscillation process. Dashed arrows in light blue illustrate energy transfer from electrons/holes to lattices through phonon population, as relaxation pathways. (b) Optical extinction spectrum (black) measured on the AuNPs shown in the inset by the SEM image and the pump spectrum centered at 400 (blue) and 800 nm (red) in the transient absorption measurement.