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. 2018 Jul 6;9:1572. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01572

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Copyright © 2018 Liu, Jin, Tao, Yu, Du, Wang, Luo, Xing, Xu, Shen and Chu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which lentiviral vector (LV)-gra15_II delivery mitigates schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. LV-gra15_II infects macrophage in fibrotic liver after being injected via schistosomiasis mice tail vein and transduces liver macrophage into LV-gra15_II-M which presents a M1 macrophage-like phenotype. The LV-gra15_II-M with a high expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex (Ly6C) increases the production of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and decreases the generation of Arg-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, which results in fibrosis mitigation through dissolving collagen protein, inducing HSC apoptosis or deactivation and reducing fibrogenesis. Moreover, the LV-gra15_II-M protects hepatocytes against apoptosis through secreting hepatocyte growth factor.