Table 1.
Demographics and injury characteristics at baseline, and functional status 10 and 20 years post‐TBI
| Moderate TBI, n = 20 (%) | Severe TBI, n = 24 (%) | p‐Value | Total sample, N = 44 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline data | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 13 (65) | 20 (80) | 0.16 | 33 (75) |
| Female | 7 (35) | 4 (20) | 11 (25) | |
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 31.4 (12.3) | 29.5 (10.2) | 0.44 | 30.4 (11.2) |
| Civil status | ||||
| Married/cohabitant | 11 (55) | 12 (50) | 0.51 | 23 (51) |
| Single | 3 (15) | 6 (25) | 9 (21) | |
| Living with parents | 6 (30) | 6 (25) | 12 (28) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Full‐time | 15 (75) | 22 (92) | 0.39 | 37 (85) |
| Part‐time | 1 (5) | 0 | 1 (2) | |
| Unemployed | 3 (15) | 1 (4) | 4 (9) | |
| Disability pension | 1 (5) | 1 (4) | 2 (4) | |
| Cause of injury | ||||
| Traffic accidents | 13 (65) | 17 (70) | 0.68 | 30 (68) |
| Falls | 5 (20) | 5 (20) | 10 (22) | |
| Other | 2 (15) | 2 (10) | 4 (10) | |
| Isolated TBI | 9 (45) | 6 (25) | 0.09 | 15 (34) |
| TBI with accompanying injuries | 11 (55) | 18 (75) | 29 (56) | |
| Intracranial surgery | ||||
| Yes | 4 (20) | 7 (32) | 0.48 | 11 (25) |
| Length of acute hospital stay Median (range) | 6 (2–15) | 7.5 (2–64) | 0.11 | 6 (2–64) |
| 10‐year follow‐up | ||||
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 41.3 (12.5) | 39.13 (10.3) | 0.54 | 40.1 (11.3) |
| Civil status | ||||
| Married | 14 (70) | 14 (58) | 0.27 | 28 (64) |
| Single | 6 (30) | 8 (32) | 14 (32) | |
| Living by parents | 0 | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | |
| Missing | 0 | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Full‐time | 15 (75) | 6 (25) | 0.01 | 21 (48) |
| Part‐time | 2 (10) | 6 (25) | 8 (18) | |
| Disability pension | 3 (15) | 12 (50) | 15 (34) | |
| GOSE levels | ||||
| 3 (lower severe disability) | 0 | 1 (4) | 0.01 | 1 (2) |
| 4 (upper severe disability) | 0 | 2 (8) | 2 (4) | |
| 5 (lower moderate disability) | 0 | 8 (33) | 8 (18) | |
| 6 (upper moderate disability) | 4 (20) | 7 (29) | 11 (26) | |
| 7 (lower good recovery) | 5 (25) | 3 (13) | 8 (18) | |
| 8 (upper good recovery) | 11 (55) | 3 (13) | 14 (32) | |
| CIQ total score, Mean (SD) | 20.5 (3.8) | 18.2 (4.6) | 0.09 | 19.3 (4.5) |
| CIQ home integration score | 5.9 (2.3) | 6.1 (2.6) | 0.80 | 6.0 (2.4) |
| CIQ social integration score | 9.1 (2.1) | 8.6 (2.3) | 0.48 | 8.8 (2.2) |
| CIQ productivity score | 5.5 (1.4) | 3.7 (1.9) | 0.001 | 4.5 (1.9) |
| SF‐36 scores, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Physical component summary (PCS) | 76.0 (21.0) | 67.0 (26.0) | 0.16 | 71.0 (22.0) |
| Mental component summary (MCS) | 79.0 (13.5) | 71.0 (21.0) | 0.32 | 75.0 (18.0) |
| BDI | ||||
| Depression (score >12) | 4 (20) | 5 (23) | 0.83 | 9 (21) |
| No depression (score ≤12) | 16 (80) | 17 (77) | 33 (79) | |
| 20‐year follow‐up | ||||
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 52 (10.6) | 50.2 (12.4) | 0.61 | 51 (11.3) |
| Civil status | ||||
| Married | 14 (70) | 14 (58) | 0.65 | 28 (64) |
| Single | 6 (30) | 9 (37) | 15 (34) | |
| Living by parents | 0 | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Full‐time | 15 (75) | 9 (37) | 0.05 | 24 (54) |
| Part‐time | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 2 (5) | |
| Disability pension | 3 (15) | 9 (45) | 12 (27) | |
| Retired | 2 (10) | 4 (8) | 6 (14) | |
| GOSE levels | ||||
| 3 (lower severe disability) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0.07 | 1 (2) |
| 4 (upper severe disability) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| 5 (lower moderate disability) | 2 (10) | 9 (38) | 11 (25) | |
| 6 (upper moderate disability) | 4 (20) | 4 (17) | 8 (18) | |
| 7 (lower good recovery) | 4 (20) | 6 (25) | 10 (23) | |
| 8 (upper good recovery) | 10 (50) | 3 (12) | 13 (30) | |
| CIQ total score, Mean (SD) | 22.3 (3.2) | 20.2 (3.3) | 0.04 | 21.2 (3.4) |
| CIQ home integration score | 7.6 (2.0) | 6.2 (2.5) | 0.06 | 6.8 (2.4) |
| CIQ social integration score | 9.8 (1.8) | 9.9 (1.8) | 0.90 | 9.9 (1.5) |
| CIQ productivity score | 4.9 (1.8) | 4.3 (1.7) | 0.23 | 4.6 (1.8) |
| SF‐36 scores, Mean (SD) | ||||
| Physical component summary (PCS) | 83.0 (16.0) | 77.0 (23.0) | 0.16 | 80.0 (20.0) |
| Mental component summary (MCS) | 80.0 (17.0) | 71.0 (24.0) | 0.32 | 75.0 (21.0) |
BDI: Beck's Depression Inventory; CIQ: Community Integration Questionnaire; GOSE: Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended; SD: standard deviation; TBI: traumatic brain injury.
Italic values indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).