Table 2.

TRP channels in the PVN.

Ion channel family	General role	Subtype identified	Method	Relevance	Reference
TRPC	Calcium homeostasis, open with ↓ Ca2+	TRPC4	RT-PCR, western blot	Expression increased following water deprivation ↑	Hindmarch et al., 2006; Fowler et al., 2007; Zheng et al., 2014
Canonical		TRPC1-6	RT-PCR Patch-clamp electrophysiology	Expression contributes to inappropriate vasopressin release in cirrhosis.
Store-operated		TRPC
TRPV	Mechanosensitive and homeostatic roles	TRPV1	Radiolabeling, patch clamp electrophysiology Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, patch clamp electrophysiology, in vivo studies	Activation leads to glutamate release and postsynaptic firing. Co-localized with liver-related neurones Regulates body fluid homeostasis, autonomic control and metabolism Pharmacological activation of TRPV4 ↓ firing in brain slice, depolarization and Ca2+ rise in isolated neurones. TRPV4 inhibitors reverse hypotonic effects on firing.	Li et al., 2004b; Roberts et al., 2004; Carreno et al., 2009; Zsombok et al., 2011; Gao et al., 2012; Nedungadi et al., 2012; van den Burg et al., 2015; Feetham et al., 2015a
Vanilloid		TRPV2
		TRPV4
TRPM Melastatin	Sensor/homeostatic roles, exhibit temperature sensing properties	TRPM4 and TRPM5	Confocal immunofluorescence	Differential expression dependent upon area of neurone	Teruyama et al., 2011