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. 2018 Jun;7(3):490–503. doi: 10.21037/tau.2018.05.17

Figure 1.

Figure 1

EDCs’ mechanisms of action during leading to decrease semen quality. Panel A illustrates how MEHP (phthalates) initiates PPAR heterodimerization, thereby blocking binding sites on DNA and coactivators needed for transcription of steroid-producing genes. Panel B illustrates how BPA blocks estrogen receptors so that transcription of steroidogenic genes is blocked. Panel C illustrates how dioxins and PCB block transcription of steroid-related genes by preventing the ARNT complex from binding to XRE on DNA. It also shows how PCB specifically causes oxidative stress that leads to apoptosis of testicular cells. EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals; MEHP, mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; BPA, bisphenol A; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; ARNT, AhR nuclear translocator; XRE, xenobiotic responsive element.