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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Res (Libertyville). 2014 Jun;4(6):451–461. doi: 10.17265/2159-5542/2014.06.005

Table 3.

The effect of maternal preeclampsia and antenatal depression on infant temperament at 6 months (N=141)

Preeclampsia Antenatal Depression
Models Models
Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted

Infant temperament Yes (N=24)
Mean (SD)
No (N=117)
Mean (SD)
F-value p F-value p Yes (N=24)
Mean (SD)
No (N=117)
Mean (SD)
F-value p F-value p
  Activity Level 4.16 (1.34) 4.27 (1.17) 0.05 .83 0.13 .72 4.38 (1.08) 4.11 (1.25) 1.00 .32 0.71 .40

  Distress Level 3.71 (1.14) 3.88 (1.32) 0.27 .60 0.30 .58 4.14 (1.11) 3.64 (1.31) 3.05 .08 1.27 .26

  Fearfulness 3.43 (1.07) 3.59 (1.29) 0.08 .78 0.24 .63 3.79 (1.57) 3.44 (1.31) 1.35 .25 0.30 .59

  Duration 4.75 (1.49) 4.78 (1.43) 0.03 .88 0.01 .92 4.69 (1.79) 4.93 (1.36) 0.51 .48 0.79 .38

  Smile/laughter 5.75 (0.94) 5.57 (1.28) 0.13 .72 0.44 .51 6.14 (0.94) 5.81 (1.12) 2.84 .09 1.54 .22

  High pleasure seeking 6.04 (1.21) 5.84 (1.02) 0.77 .46 0.58 .45 5.34 (1.58) 6.18 (0.98) 3.68 .05 6.17 .01

  Low pleasure seeking 6.04 (0.83) 5.57 (0.89) 4.53 .04 5.39 .02 5.48 (0.70) 5.83 (0.90) 3.55 .06 2.41 .12

  Soothability 5.27 (1.26) 5.37 (0.99) 1.58 .21 1.32 .25 4.93 (1.06) 5.65 (0.96) 9.71 .002 5.71 .02

  Falling Reactivity 4.92 (1.49) 4.87 (1.04) 0.04 .84 0.04 .85 4.56 (1.22) 5.33 (0.99) 10.55 .001 12.70 .001

  Cuddliness 5.71 (1.05) 5.75 (0.97) 0.28 .60 0.03 .86 5.53 (0.98) 5.94 (0.95) 3.38 .07 2.22 .14

  Perceptional sensitivity 4.80 (1.78) 4.26 (1.62) 2.69 .10 1.88 .17 4.39 (1.55) 4.41 (1.71) 0.03 .87 0.19 .67

  Sadness 3.61 (1.39) 3.59 (1.19) 0.25 .62 0.01 .94 4.09 (1.35) 3.13 (1.13 12.45 .001 8.65 .004

  Approach 5.25 (0.90) 5.12 (1.43) 0.39 .54 0.17 .68 4.94 (1.72) 5.38 (1.31) 2.02 .16 1.94 .17

  Vocal Reactivity 5.90 (0.86) 5.48 (1.05) 3.91 .05 2.99 .09 5.52 (1.27) 5.59 (1.02) 0.14 .71 0.07 .79

NB: In the adjusted model 1, maternal education, maternal marital status, maternal age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parity, sex of the child, and depressive symptomatology when the time of the postpartum assessment (when the child was 3 months old) have been statistically controlled for. Multivariable GLM was used.