Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of study participants.
| Patients (AVHs vs. Non-AVHs) | NC | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | |||
| Cases | 41(22 vs. 19) | 23 | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 23.59 ± 5.35 vs. 23.42 ± 4.93 | 25.61 ± 2.98 | 0.236(F(2,61) = 1.48) |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 12/10 vs. 10/9 | 13/10 | 0.332(χ2 = 0.94) |
| Left/Right Handed | 0/41 | 0/23 | |
| Education Level, years (mean ± SD) | 12.36 ± 2.40 vs. 12.42 ± 2.17 | 15.00 ± 2.61 | 0.001(F(2,61) = 8.61)⁎⁎⁎ |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Duration of illness, months (mean ± SD) | 8.73 ± 7.04 vs. 14.16 ± 18.04 | – | 0.200(t = −1.30) |
| PANSS-positive symptoms | 30.68 ± 6.11 vs. 20.11 ± 8.73 | – | 0.000(t = 4.54)### |
| PANSS-negative symptoms | 26.82 ± 3.80 vs. 22.37 ± 10.08 | – | 0.083(t = 1.81) |
| PANSS-general psychopathology | 50.27 ± 7.80 vs. 48.26 ± 9.46 | – | 0.461(t = 0.74) |
| PANSS-total score | 107.77 ± 11.55 vs. 90.74 ± 23.56 | – | 0.008(t = 2.87)## |
| HAHRS | 26.36 ± 5.84 | – |
AVHs: Schizophrenia with Auditory verbal hallucinations; Non-AVHs: schizophrenia without Auditory verbal hallucinations; NC: Normal controls.
⁎⁎⁎
P < 0.001 (significant difference between schizophrenic patients and normal controls).
##
P < 0.01.
###
P < 0.001 (significant difference between AVHs and Non-AVHs).