Fig. 1.

Organoids: a promising in vitro system for drug discovery, precision, and regenerative medicine in human and veterinary medicine. (A) Organoids can be used as a preclinical model to evaluate the efficacy and safety of candidate drugs prior to live studies in animals and humans. (B) In addition, because they are derived from individuals with different genotypes, organoids are a relevant screening system for precision medicine. (C) Finally, transplantation of genetically engineered organoids has the potential to repair and/or replace damaged epithelial tissues associated with several gastrointestinal diseases