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. 2018 Mar 9;100(4):919–943. doi: 10.1007/s10494-018-9896-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 16 — (Color online) Contours of the (instantaneous) streamwise velocity w in the cross-section of the pipe. The laminar flow field has been subtracted to emphasize near wall streaks (color bar expressed in units of the bulk velocity). a is the unmodified turbulent reference flow and b depicts case c 2 with an injection flow rate as indicated in Fig. 10b by a (Re = 4000, z = 2.5). y⁺ ≈ 60 is indicated by the dashed circle

Inline graphic — (Color online) Contours of the (instantaneous) streamwise velocity w in the cross-section of the pipe. The laminar flow field has been subtracted to emphasize near wall streaks (color bar expressed in units of the bulk velocity). a is the unmodified turbulent reference flow and b depicts case c 2 with an injection flow rate as indicated in Fig. 10b by a (Re = 4000, z = 2.5). y⁺ ≈ 60 is indicated by the dashed circle