Table 3.

Multilevel Results Predicting Perceptions of the PWD’s Decision-Making Involvement (N = 42 dyads)

	Model 1			Model 2
	β	SE	t	β	SE	t
Fixed effects (robust SE)
PWD intercept	2.11	.10	21.10***	2.09	.08	24.83***
Cognitive impairment				0.07	.03	2.87**
Care-related strain				−0.02	.03	−0.69
Perception of PWD’s autonomy				0.43	.15	2.85**
Perception of relationship strain				−0.20	.11	−1.84
Family member intercept	2.09	.10	21.20***	2.09	.08	26.47***
Cognitive impairment				0.02	.02	1.14
Care-related strain				0.05	.03	1.58
Perception of PWD’s autonomy				0.74	.16	4.75***
Perception of relationship strain				−0.21	.09	−2.17*
Random effects	Variance component		χ 2	Variance component		χ 2
Patient	0.37		351.02***	0.23		217.38***
Family member	0.35		327.01***	0.19		191.26***

Note: PWD = person with dementia; SE = standard error. Note that cognitive impairment was measured from the PWD’s self-report, whereas care-related strain, perceptions of the PWD’s autonomy, and perceptions of relationship strain were measured from family caregiver’s reports only.

^* p < .05; ^**p < .01; ^***p < .001.