Skip to main content
. 2018 Feb 22;99(1):196–211. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy049

Table 1.

Trophoblast cell types.

Cell type Speciesa Placentation site location Principal function(s)
Trophectoderm Mouse, rat, human Outer cellular layer of blastocyst Embryo implantation; inner cell mass/epiblast protection; source of trophoblast stem and progenitor cells
Trophoblast stem progenitor cells Mouse, rat Prominently located in extraembryonic ectoderm; ectoplacental cone Seed differentiated trophoblast lineages
Cytotrophoblast Human Beneath syncytiotrophoblast layer (villous compartment); Base of extravillous trophoblast column (extravillous compartment) Trophoblast stem and progenitor cell population; seed differentiated trophoblast lineages; also, postmitotic component of villous compartment
Primary syncytium Human Multinucleated trophoblast at the embryo implantation site of early pregnancy Invasion/facilitating embryo interstitial implantation into the uterine decidua
Trophoblast giant cell Mouse, rat Junctional zone: uterine-placental interface (primary), labyrinth zone (secondary) Endocrine activity: steroid and peptide hormonogenesis
Glycogen trophoblast cell Mouse, rat Junctional zone (transient) Energy reserve
Spongiotrophoblast cell Mouse, rat Junctional zone Endocrine activity: peptide hormonogenesis
Endovascular invasive trophoblast cell Mouse, rat, human Intrauterine: intravascular; extravillous compartment (human) Uterine spiral artery restructuring
Interstitial invasive trophoblast cell Mouse, rat, human Intrauterine: extravascular; extravillous compartment (human) Placental anchor; uterine stroma remodeling
Syncytiotrophoblast Mouse, rat, human Labyrinth zone (mouse, rat); villous compartment (human) Barrier/transport (mouse, rat, human); endocrine activity: steroid and peptide hormonogenesis (human)

aTrophoblast cell types found in mouse, rat, and human.