Table 2.

Single-nucleotide mutations in l-arabinose-metabolizing, glucose-phosphorylation-negative S. cerevisiae strains IMS0520-IMS0523, evolved for anaerobic growth on l-arabinose in the presence of d-xylose and d-glucose in biological duplicate (reactors 1 and 2). Mutants were identified alignment of the whole-genome sequence data to S. cerevisiae IMX728. Read coverage observed for each SNP was higher than 99% unless stated otherwise in the table. Descriptions of gene functions are derived from the Saccharomyces Genome Database (as of 19–11-2017).

Gene and strain	Nucleotide change	Amino acid change	Description
GAL2			Galactose permease; required for utilization of galactose and also able to transport glucose (Kou, Christensen and Cirillo 1970)
IMS0520 (reactor 1)	A1127T	N376I
IMS0521 (reactor 1)	A1127T	N376I
IMS0522 (reactor 2)	A1127C	N376T
IMS0523 (reactor 2)	C266T (57%)	T89I
	A1127C	N376T
BMH1			14–3-3 protein, major isoform; controls, involved in regulation of exocytosis, vesicle transport, Ras/MAPK and rapamycin-sensitive signalling, aggresome formation, spindle position checkpoint
IMS0520 (reactor 1)	G383T	G128V
IMS0522 (reactor 2)	G64T	E22*
IMS0523 (reactor 2)	G64T	E22*
DCK1			Dock family protein (Dedicator Of CytoKinesis), homolog of human DOCK1; interacts with Ino4p; cytoplasmic protein that relocates to mitochondria under oxidative stress
IMS0522 (reactor 2)	T2890C (42%)	Y964H
IPT1			Inositolphosphotransferase; involved in synthesis of mannose-(inositol-P)2-ceramide (M(IP)2C) sphingolipid; can mutate to resistance to the antifungals syringomycin E and DmAMP1 and to K. lactis zymocin
IMS0522 (reactor 2)	C938T	S313F
UPC2			Sterol regulatory element binding protein; induces sterol biosynthetic genes, upon sterol depletion; acts as a sterol sensor, binding ergosterol in sterol rich conditions;
IMS0523(reactor 2)	A2648G	Y883C
RPL6B			Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L6B; binds 5.8S rRNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L6,
IMS0520 (reactor 1)	T784A	E261G