Table 1.
Comparison of DCE-MRI Studies on diseases with subtle BBB permeability
| Disease Group |
Study (Reference) |
Sample Size C/P |
Mean Age C/P |
DCE-MRI Protocol FS/ST/PS |
CA/Dose (mmol/kg) |
Quantity measured |
Brain regions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SVD | (Wardlaw et al., 2013) | NA/97 | NA/65 | 1.5T/30m/FSPGR | Gd-DTPA/40* | Slopesec | WMH NAWM |
| (Wong et al., 2017) | NA/16 | NA/66 | 3T/1.33/22.5m DSRGRE | Gadobutrol/0.1 | Ktrans, vp | WM,GM | |
| (Zhang et al., 2017) | 39/77 | 69/70 | 3T/1.5/25m DSRGRE | Gadobutrol/0.1 | Ktrans, vp | WM,GM | |
| (Munoz Maniega et al., 2017) | NA/199 | NA/66 | 1.5T/24m/FSPGR | Gd-DOTA/0.1 | Slopesec | WMH NAWM | |
| Dementia | (Bronge and Wahlund, 2000) | 55 | 72/73 | 1.5T/25m/GE/SE | GdDTPA-BMA/0.2 | SER | WMLs |
| (Shindo et al., 2005) | 14/21 | 78/79 | 15m | Gd-DTPA | T1 signal change | WMLs | |
| AD | (Starr et al., 2009) | 15/15 | 73/74 | 1.5T/30m/FSPGR | Gd-DTPA/20* | SER | WM,GM CSF |
| (van de Haar et al., 2016a) | 17/16 | 76/74 | 3T/1.5/25m DSRGRE | Gadobutrol/0.1 | Ktrans, vp | WM,GM | |
| (van de Haar et al., 2016b) | 16/14 | 76/73 | 3T/1.5/25m DSRGRE | Gadobutrol/0.1 | Ktrans, vp | WM,GM | |
| BD | (Hanyu et al., 2002) | 27/14 | 77/78 | 15m | Gd-DTPA | T1 signal change | WMLs |
| (Huisa et al., 2015) | 12/22 | 61/67 | 1.5T/22.5m/TAPIR | Gd-DTPA/0.025 | Ktrans | WM | |
| (Rosenberg et al., 2015) | 20/62 | 44/66 | 1.5T/22.5m/TAPIR | Gd-DTPA/0.025 | Ktrans | WM | |
| VCI | (Taheri et al., 2011a) | 17/60 | 44/63 | 1.5T/22.5m/TAPIR | Gd-DTPA/0.025 | Ktrans | WM |
| (Taheri et al., 2011b) | 20/45 | 51/64 | 1.5T/22.5m/TAPIR | Gd-DTPA/0.025 | Ktrans | WM | |
| MCI | (Wang et al., 2006) | 10/11 | 74/74 | 1.5T/6.8m/3DGE | GdDTPA-BMA/1** | SER | HC Cerebellem |
| Diabetes | (Starr et al., 2003) | 10/10 | 68/68 | 1.9T/90m/FLAIR | Gd-DTPA/0.2 | SER | WM,GM |
| Aging/MCI/MS | (Montagne et al., 2015) | 24/40 | 55/55 | 3T/16m/SPGR | Gd-DTPA/0.05 | Ktrans | HC,GM WM |
SVD, Small Vessel Disease; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; BD, Binswanger’s Disease; VCI, Vascular Cognitive Impairment; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; MS, Multiple Sclerosis; C, Controls; P, Patients; FS, Field Strength; PS, Pulse Sequence; ST, Scan Time; CA, Contrast Agent; GE, Gradient Echo; SE, Spin Echo; WMLs, White Matter Lesions; ROI, Region of Interest; WM, White Matter; GM, Gray Matter; HC, Hippocampus; FSPGR, Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo; CSF, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid; TAPIR, T1-mapping with partial inversion recovery; SER, Signal Enhancement Ratio; Slopesec, Slope of signal enhancement curve; DSRGRE, Dual resolution Saturation Recovery Gradient Recalled Echo, NA, Not applicable to the study.
denotes CA dosage expressed in ml
denotes CA dosage expressed in ml/10 lb of body weight