Table 1.
Summary data and statistical outcomes for glenohumeral joint internal rotation range of motion (ROM) and glenohumeral joint internal rotation deficit (GIRD) for all age groups. These data are presented in degrees of rotation.
| Age groups (n) | Mean ± SD internal rotation ROM | Differences between means: D vs ND | Glenohumeral joint internal rotation difference (GIRD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominant side (95% CI) | Non-dominant side (95% CI) |
Tdf-ratio (p-value) Effect size (ES = d) |
Mean ± SD (95% CI) | |
| Under 14 yrs (69) | 44 ± 11a | 47 ± 11 | T68 = 2.76 (0.007) | 3 ± 9 (1 to 6)c |
| 41 to 47 | 44 to 50 | 0.33 | ||
| 14 – 15 yrs (56) | 38 ± 10a | 45 ± 10b | T55 = 4.84 ( < 0.001) | 6 ± 10 (3 to 9) |
| 35 to 41 | 42 to 48 | 0.65 | ||
| Over 16 yrs (59) | 43 ± 13 | 52 ± 14b | T58 = 5.37 ( < 0.001) | 9 ± 13 (6 to 12)c |
| 40 to 46 | 49 to 55 | 0.70 | ||
a
Denotes a difference between age group means: difference between means ± SD = 6 ± 11, 95% CI = 2 to 9, d = 0.55; T123 = 2.84, P = 0.005
b
Denotes a difference between age group means: difference between means ± SD = 7 ± 12, 95% CI = 3 to 12, d = 0.58; T113 = 3.26, P = 0.001
c
Denotes a difference between age group means: difference between means ± SD = 6 ± 11, 95% CI = 2 to 10, d = 0.55; T126 = 2.99, P = 0.003