Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation (SD) of each self-report instrument over time
| DN | Sham | Adj. Difference* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-report instrument: | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) LEFS |
| LEFS | |||
| Baseline | 61.9 (10.0) | 60.4 (12.2) | |
| 72 hours | 66.7 (12.8) | 63.2 (12.3) | 1.5 (-6.0, 3.1) |
| Kujala | |||
| Baseline | 76.3 (9.8) | 70.6 (9.7) | |
| 72 hours | 82.8 (11.0) | 76.6 (12.6) | 1.2 (-3.9, 6.3) |
| NPRS step-up | |||
| Baseline | 1.6 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.4) | |
| Immediate post-treatment | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.0 (-0.5, 0.5) |
| 72 hours | 1.0 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.2) | 0.0 (-0.7, 0.7) |
| NPRS step-down | |||
| Baseline | 2.2 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.8) | |
| Immediate post-treatment | 1.4 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.0 (-0.5, 0.5) |
| 72 hours | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.0 (-0.7, 0.7) |
| NPRS squat | |||
| Baseline | 3.9 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.3) | |
| Immediate post-treatment | 2.7 (2.2) | 2.0 (1.8) | 0.2 (-0.6, 0.9) |
| 72 hours | 2.2 (2.1) | 1.6 (1.8) | 0.1 (-0.9, 1.0) |
| GROC | |||
| 72 hours | 2.2 (2.3) | 1.3 (2.7) | 1.0 (-0.4, 2.3) |
DN = dry needling group; SH = sham group; LEFS = Lower Extremity Functional Scale; NPRS = Numeric Pain Rating Scale
*
Adjusted for baseline difference in each outcome (except the GROC, done only at 72 hours)