Table 3.

Pretest, posttest descriptive results

	Pretest	Posttest	Change	P-Value	Effect Size
Soft Density Roller
Knee ROM (degrees)	131.93 ± 8.36	139.33 ± 8.01	7.40 ± 0.35	<0.001	0.92
Pressure Pain Threshold (kPa)	954.17 ± 232.59	1129.17 ± 226.81	175.00 ± 5.78	<0.001	0.76
Medium Density Roller
Knee ROM (degrees)	127.75 ± 10.46	136.00 ± 11.17	8.25 ± 0.71	<0.001	0.76
Pressure Pain Threshold (kPa)	1066.67 ± 212.49	1246.67 ± 212.53	180.00 ± 0.04	<0.001	0.85
Hard Density Roller
Knee ROM (degrees)	132.41 ± 6.20	140.58 ± 6.77	8.17 ± 0.57	<0.001	1.26
Pressure Pain Threshold (kPa)	959.16 ± 244.92	1110.00 ± 259.22	150.84 ± 14.30	<0.001	0.60

Data reported as mean ± SD, kPa = kilopascals; statistical significance considered p<.05; Effect size: d = M₁ - M₂ / σ_pooled