Table 3. Predictors of poor treatment outcome^a (n = 164).

Predictor	Univariate analysisb	p	Multivariate analysisb	p
Male gender	1.14 (0.37-3.47)	0.821	0.97 (0.28-3.39)	0.967
Age	0.98 (0.95-1.02)	0.426	0.97 (0.92-1.01)	0.169
>10 years of schooling	0.8 (0.26-2.43)	0.691	1.04 (0.29-3.68)	0.957
Diabetes mellitus	0.7 (0.15-3.27)	0.646	0.84 (0.15-4.61)	0.841
Other comorbiditiesc	0.55 (0.12-2.54)	0.441	0.85 (0.16-4.41)	0.846
Alcohol abuse	1.16 (0.38-3.56)	0.795	0.68 (0.19-2.41)	0.546
Cavitation	0.42 (0.15-1.20)	0.105	0.37 (0.12-1.13)	0.081
Smoking	3.75 (1.15-12.22)	0.028	6.29 (1.57-25.21)	0.009

^aDeath, treatment failure, or default. ^bValues expressed as relative risk (95% CI). ^cCancer, immunosuppression, liver disease, and renal failure.