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n-HA/Fe2O3/PVA enhances messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of chondrogenic markers of BMSCs. Relative levels of type II collagen (COL2A1), aggrecan (AGG), and SOX9 mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time PCR in relation to GAPDH. Data were presented as means ± standard deviations. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (Dunnett’s test); **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs ctrl (control; BMSCs cultured in maintenance medium).
