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. 2017 Apr 6;2(4):1321–1332. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00343

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanical strength of ZMNs. (a) Determination of the bending force for blank (uncoated) and OVA-coated ZMNs. Each plot represents the average of three experiments. (b,c) Methylene blue-stained skin after ZMN insertion showing the pores created and the reciprocal images of the etching visible on the Parafilm placed under the skin. (d) Micrograph of skin cryosection after treating with ZMNs. The arrow indicates the pore created after ZMN insertion. The scale bar represents 50 μm. ZMNs before (e) and after insertion into the skin with a force of 0.4 N/needle (f) and 1.0 N/needle (g) using the texture analyzer. A pretest speed of 1 mm/s and a test speed of 0.5 mm/s were used.