Figure 9.
The schematic diagrams of side view (A) and cross-sectional view (B) of the HSSN-M. The schematic demonstration of the inner surface area (C-E) and the volume (F) of the single channel inside HSSN-M. To measure the inner surface area and the volume of the channels inside MCNGCs, a single channel was as an example to calculate the inner surface area and the volume. The diameter and length of a single channel inside MCNGCs were marked and noted by mouse clicks. Using a 2D image of unfolded inner surface of the channel to calculate the area according to the equation: Area = πd × L. Afterwards, using a 3D image of the channel to calculate the volume according to the equation: Volume = π(d/2)2× L.