Table 1.

Comparison of hospital outliers as determined through septic shock cohort defined with ICD-9 codes vs. implicit diagnosis based upon charges for blood cultures, antibiotics, and vasopressors.

N (% of all hospitals)	ICD-9 septic shock cohort
Charges for any blood cultures, antibiotics, and vasopressors (implicit criteria)		Low mortality outlier	Average hospital	High mortality outlier
	Low mortality outlier	7 (2.3)	16 (5.2)	0 (0)
	Average hospital	6 (2.0)	247 (80.2)	8 (2.6)
	High mortality outlier	0 (0)	12 (3.9)	12 (3.9)