Fig. 3.

PAF-EA exhibited antioxidant activity potentially through Akt and MAPK pathways. Cells were pretreated with 10 μM of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), or U0126 (MEK inhibitor) for 1 h and then incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and DCFH-DA assay was performed. Data represent the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments (*p < 0.05)