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. 2018 Jul 13;8:10671. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28812-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Preferred orientations of the three types of Cu films used in this study. (a) Cross-sectional FIB ion image for the highly (111)-oriented Cu film with nanotwins. (b) Plan-view EBSD OIM showing the (111)-oriented texture of the surface of the Cu film in (a). The inset shows the inverse pole figure. (c) Cross-sectional FIB ion image for the randomly-oriented Cu film. (d) Plan-view EBSD OIM for the texture of the Cu surface in (c). (e) Cross-sectional FIB ion image for the (200)-oriented Cu film. (f) Plan-view EBSD OIM showing the highly (200) preferred orientation for the Cu film in (e).