Table 3.

Comparison results of SI and AP diameters of typical pattern 4 PVs in AF patients and CG (mean ± SD)

Pulmonary veins	AF (n = 224)	CG (n = 40)	p
SI in mm
RSPV	18.5 ± 2.0	14.8 ± 2.9	< 0.0001
RIPV	16.8 ± 1.9	13.9 ± 3.4	< 0.0001
LSPV	18.2 ± 2.6	15.1 ± 2.3	< 0.0001
LIPV	16.1 ± 3.1	13.7 ± 2.7	< 0.0001
AP in mm
RSPV	16.5 ± 3.0	13.7 ± 2.9	< 0.0001
RIPV	15.2 ± 2.1	13.6 ± 3.4	< 0.0001
LSPV	14.7 ± 2.7	12.0 ± 2.5	< 0.0001
LIPV	12.4 ± 4.3	10.3 ± 3.7	< 0.001

RSPV right superior pulmonary vein, RIPV right inferior pulmonary vein, LSPV left superior pulmonary vein, LIPV left inferior pulmonary vein

AF (+): right superior vs. right inferior PV - SI p < 0.0001, AP p < 0.02

left superior vs. left inferior PV - SI p < 0.0001, AP p < 0.0001,

GC: right superior vs. right inferior PV - SI p < 0.005, AP NS,

left superior vs left inferior PV - SI p < 0.05, AP p < 0.05