Table 5.

Propensity Score Matching Estimates (ATT) of the Effect of Marital Status at Birth and Marital History on Self-assessed Health at Age 40 among Women with a First Birth Prior to Age 25 (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979).

Variable	Self-assessed Health at Age 40
	All Women	Black Women
	ATT	ATT
Panel A: Unmarried at birth and later married compared to married at birth
Unmarried at birth and married by age 40	−.45***	−.36**
(0 = married at birth)	(.12)	(.15)
Treatment observations	260	208
Control observations	1,220	194
Total n	1,480	402
Mean % bias	3.4%	3.6%
Gamma (Γ)	1.8	1.3
Panel B: Unmarried at birth and never married compared to married at birth
Unmarried at birth and never married	−.22**	−.04
(0 = married at birth)	(.08)	(.13)
Treatment observations	701	407
Control observations	1,220	194
Total n	1,921	601
Mean % bias	2.7%	5.7%
Gamma (Γ)	1.3	—
Panel C: Unmarried at birth and never married compared to unmarried at birth and later married
Unmarried at birth and never married	.30**	.30**
(0 = unmarried at birth and later married)	(.11)	(.12)
Treatment observations	721	420
Control observations	260	208
Total n	981	628
Mean % bias	4.8%	4.3%
Gamma (Γ)	1.5	1.4

Note: Standard errors in parentheses. ATT = average treatment effect for the treated. Mean % bias is the average bias in covariate balance after matching. Gamma (Γ) is the factor by which an unobserved covariate must cause the odds ratio of treatment assignment to differ between treatment and control cases in order for the estimated treatment effect to no longer be statistically significant.

^*p <.05

^**p <.01

^***p <.001 (two-tailed tests).