Fig. 2.

Prophylactic ketamine significantly alters metabolites in the PFC and HPC following stress. a A significant number of metabolites were changed in both brain regions and in both hemispheres. A total number of eight metabolites were changed in both brain regions and in both hemispheres. b A pathway analysis of changed metabolites in the PFC. Purine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism; and phenylalanine metabolism are most significantly changed in the PFC following prophylactic ketamine administration. c A pathway analysis of changed metabolites in the HPC. Purine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and glutamine and glutamate metabolism are most significantly changed in the HPC following prophylactic ketamine administration. d A heat map of metabolites changed in the PFC. e A heat map of metabolites changed in the HPC. (n = 9–10 male mice per group). HPC hippocampus, PFC prefrontal cortex, ATP adenosine triphosphate, NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, UTP uridine triphosphate, GDP guanosine diphosphate, GTP guanosine triphosphate, AMP adenosine monophosphate, IMP inosine monophosphate, dUDP deoxyuridine-diphosphate, 13-HOTE 13-OH-9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, CDP cytidine diphosphate, ADP adenosine diphosphate