Fig. 5.

Prophylactic ketamine significantly alters purine and pyrimidine metabolism in plasma following stress. a A pathway analysis of changed metabolites in the plasma. Purine metabolism; pyrimidine metabolism; and the TCA cycle were most significantly changed following prophylactic ketamine administration. b A heat map of changed metabolites in the plasma. c–l Purine metabolites significantly increased in the plasma following prophylactic ketamine administration. m–q Pyrimidine metabolites significantly increased in the plasma following prophylactic ketamine administration. (n = 9–10 male mice per group). Error bars represent ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. TCA tricarboxylic acid, Glu glutamate, Asp aspartate, GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid, Ser serine, 5-HTP 5-hydroxytryptophan, PEP phosphoenolpyruvic acid, TPP thiamine pyrophosphate, AMP adenosine monophosphate, Ade adenosine, MCA monochloroacetic acid, CMP cytidine monophosphate, GSSG glutathione disulfide, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, 5′-UMP 5′-uridine monophosphate; RLA, R-(+)-enantiomer lipoic acid, Ino inosine, GMP guanosine monophosphate, 3-PGA 3-phosphoglyceric acid, ATP adenosine triphosphate, NANA N-acetylneuraminic acid, SAMe S-adenosyl methionine, GDP guanosine diphosphate, PRPP 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl 1-pyrophosphate, TRA tiaramide, 5′-UDP 5′-uridine diphosphate, CYSSG cysteine-glutatione disulfide