Fig. 2.

Effects of alcohol dependence on choice of alcohol over saccharin (Exp. 2). a Timeline of the experiment. b Self-administration and choice of alcohol and saccharin (0.1%) prior to dependence induction: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol and saccharin (0.1%) deliveries during the last 8 days of alcohol and saccharin self-administration (FR-3) (left) and during the 5 daily choice tests (right). c Effects of alcohol dependence on self-administration of alcohol and saccharin: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol (left) and saccharin (right) deliveries during self-administration sessions conducted after the first 3 cycles of alcohol vapor exposure. d Effects of alcohol dependence on choice between alcohol and saccharin: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol (left) and saccharin (right) deliveries during the choice tests conducted after the first 4 cycles of alcohol vapor exposure. e Effects of concurrent access to alcohol and saccharin on self-administration in non-dependent and alcohol dependent rats: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol (left) and saccharin (right) deliveries during sessions with access to alcohol or saccharin alone or with concurrent access to both reinforcers. f Effects of alcohol dependence on decreases in alcohol self-administration produced by adulteration of alcohol with quinine: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol deliveries during self-administration tests with unadulterated alcohol (0 concentration) or alcohol adulterated with 0.05 and 0.1 g/L quinine in control (left) and alcohol dependent (right) rats. g Effects of alcohol dependence and quinine adulteration of alcohol on choice between alcohol and saccharin: Mean ± SEM number of alcohol (left) and saccharin (right) deliveries during choice tests with unadulterated alcohol (0 concentration) or alcohol adulterated with 0.05 and 0.1 g/L quinine in control and alcohol dependent rats. *Different from alcohol, ⁺different from non-dependent controls, ^#different from saccharin alone (e) or from 0 quinine concentration condition (f) (ps < 0.05). N = 15–16/group. ASA alcohol self-administration, SSA saccharin self-administration