Figure 5.

DOX-induced cytotoxicity in K562 erythroleukemia cells treated with GUEsb (1.56–25 μg·mL⁻¹) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Viability of K562 cells treated with GUEsb and incubated with or without DOX (0.5 μg·mL⁻¹) for (a) 24, (b) 48, and (c) 72 h. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Only the cells treated with GUEsb were compared with the control (K562 cells incubated with culture media only), and significant differences were identified when ^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. The cells treated with DOX + GUEsb were compared with DOX (K562 cells incubated with 0.5 μg·mL⁻¹ DOX). GUEsb = aqueous extract from G. ulmifolia stem bark.