Table 2.
Prevalence difference per 100, prevalence ratio and relative risk of preterm birth, and congenital anomalies associated with pregestational diabetes and/or tobacco smoking, Emilia-Romagna region, 2007–2010.
| PGD | Smoking | Total | n | (%) | PD∗100 | (95% CI) | PR | (95% CI) | RR∗ | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm birth | ||||||||||
| No | No | 4218 | 317 | (7.51) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| No | Yes | 570 | 39 | (6.84) | −0.67 | (−2.89, 1.54) | 0.91 | (0.66, 1.25) | 0.89 | (0.63, 1.27) |
| Yes | No | 888 | 151 | (17.01) | 9.48 | (6.89, 12.08) | 2.26 | (1.89, 2.70) | 2.41 | (1.93, 3.02) |
| Yes | Yes | 104 | 29 | (27.88) | 20.36 | (11.67, 29.06) | 3.71 | (2.67, 5.15) | 4.69 | (2.97, 7.41) |
|
| ||||||||||
| Congenital anomalies | ||||||||||
| No | No | 4218 | 79 | (1.87) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| No | Yes | 570 | 10 | (1.75) | −0.12 | (−1.27, 1.03) | 0.93 | (0.49, 1.79) | 0.92 | (0.47, 1.79) |
| Yes | No | 888 | 24 | (2.70) | 0.83 | (−0.31, 1.97) | 1.44 | (0.92, 2.26) | 1.41 | (0.88, 2.25) |
| Yes | Yes | 104 | 5 | (4.81) | 2.93 | (−1.22, 7.08) | 2.57 | (1.06, 6.23) | 2.66 | (1.05, 6.71) |
∗Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, nationality, and parents' education level. PGD = pregestational diabetes; PD = prevalence difference; PR = prevalence ratio; RR = relative risk.