Table 4.
Effects of graded levels of ginger essential oil on serum biochemical and testes oxidative stress characteristics
| Parameters | Essential oil doses (μl/kg body weight) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 12) | 50 (n = 12) | 100 (n = 12) | 150 (n = 12) | P value | |
| Serum metabolites | |||||
| Serum proteins (g/dl) | 2.06 ± 0.04a | 2.38 ± 0.19b | 2.66 ± 0.19c | 2.70 ± 0.35c | 0.00 |
| Globulins (g/dl) | 0.16 ± 0.05a | 0.31 ± 0.06b | 0.49 ± 0.07c | 0.48 ± 0.16c | 0.00 |
| AST (U/L) | 168.00 ± 20.24b | 146.24 ± 15.11ab | 163.24 ± 11.29ab | 137.49 ± 16.88a | 0.00 |
| ALT (U/L) | 57.50 ± 10.49b | 42.85 ± 3.46a | 40.00 ± 10.14a | 33.43 ± 6.07a | 0.00 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 127.27 ± 7.98d | 118.09 ± 5.41c | 110.06 ± 5.83b | 100.27 ± 1.98a | 0.00 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 73.46 ± 10.39b | 57.18 ± 4.43a | 56.91 ± 6.49a | 56.07 ± 6.16a | 0.00 |
| Testes oxidative stress (gram of tissue) | |||||
| MDA | 97.79 ± 9.60c | 82.20 ± 9.93b | 52.49 ± 8.39a | 50.57 ± 17.83a | 0.00 |
| SOD | 2.92 ± 0.48a | 3.47 ± 0.33a | 3.44 ± 0.55a | 4.08 ± 0.23b | 0.00 |
| GSH | 183.73 ± 35.15a | 201.47 ± 17.74a | 265.07 ± 48.25b | 274.02 ± 54.16b | 0.00 |
| CAT | 2.82 ± 0.31a | 3.36 ± 0.73ab | 3.78 ± 0.63b | 3.60 ± 0.89b | 0.04 |
a,b,c,dOn the same line, means with the same letter were not significantly different (P > 0.05); n = number ofquails; MDA = malondialdehyde; GSH = reduced glutathione; CAT = catalase; SOD = superoxide dismutase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; values are presented as means ± standard deviation.