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. 2018 May 31;193(2):221–233. doi: 10.1111/cei.13140

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Interleukin (IL)‐17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α combination increases monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) chemokine expression synergistically, mainly through an IL‐6‐independent pathway. Proliferative human HepaRG cells were exposed to IL‐17 and/or TNF‐α or IL‐6 with/without an anti‐IL‐6R antibody. (a–d) MCP‐1 and CCL20 expression at 12 h in proliferative HepaRG cells was expressed as fold change compared to control. The control antibody had no effect on the MCP‐1 and CCL20 mRNA levels following IL‐6 or IL‐17/TNF‐α stimulation (data not shown). Data are the mean of seven to eight independent experiments ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.); *P < 0·05 and **P < 0·01 versus control; #P < 0·05 and ##P < 0·01 versus other cytokine conditions.