Table 3.
Mean GSI Total and Symptom Scores for ADHD and Control Groupsa,b.
| Variable | ADHD (N=68) | Control (N=72) | t | df | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| GSI total score | 1.13 | 1.48 | .38 | 1.04 | 3.248 | 119 | <.001 |
| Constipation | 0.34 | 0.66 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 2.28 | 110 | .024 |
| Diarrhea | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 67 | .321 |
| Consistency | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 138 | .968 |
| Smell | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.77 | 138 | .443 |
| Flatulence | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 2.33 | 126 | .019 |
| Abdominal pain | 0.34 | 0.64 | 0.07 | 31 | 3.15 | 95 | .269 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; df, degrees of freedom; GSI, Gastrointestinal Severity Index; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.
a Total N = 140.
bIf dfs = 138, then an independent t test for equal variances was used to compare the mean scores. If the dfs are <138, Welch t statistic for unequal variance was employed to compare the mean scores.