Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population (n (%) / ± s).
| Variable | CNT (n = 42) |
DM (n = 42) |
DN (n = 42) |
F/χ2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 20 (47.62) | 21 (50) | 20 (47.62) | 0.640 | 0.969 |
| Female | 22 (52.38) | 21 (50) | 22 (52.38) | |||
| Smoking | Yes | 5 (11.90) | 9 (21.43) | 7 (16.67) | 1.371 | 0.504 |
| No | 37 (88.10) | 33 (78.57) | 35 (83.33) | |||
| Drinking | Yes | 6 (14.29) | 8 (19.05) | 6 (14.29) | 0.475 | 0.788 |
| No | 36 (85.71) | 34 (80.95) | 36 (85.71) | |||
| Age | 51.29 ± 7.04 | 56.48 ± 13.02 | 60.29 ± 11.90 | 9.640 | 0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.54 ± 2.42 | 23.65 ± 3.62 | 25.07 ± 4.40 | 1.880 | 0.160 |
BMI: body mass index; CNT: healthy control; DM: diabetes mellitus; DN: diabetic nephropathy.