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. 2018 Mar 1;6(6):910–918. doi: 10.1177/2050640618764049

Table 1.

Univariate analysis of baseline characteristics, CTSI values, and complications in survivors and non-survivors.

Totala n = 148 Survivors n = 122 Non- survivors = 26 HRcrude (95% CI) p-value
Baseline characteristics and CTSI
 Age, years, mean (SD) 54.1 (17.5) 50.8 (16.4) 69.5 (14.1) 1.07 (1.04–1.10) <0.001
 Males, n (%) 107 (72.3) 91 (74.6) 16 (61.5) 1 0.02
 BMI, mean (SD) 26.3 (5.4) 25.8 (5.2) 30.3 (5.9) 1.12 (1.03–1.22) 0.005
Cause of pancreatitis, n (%)
 Biliary 48 (32.4) 36 (29.5) 12 (46.2) 1 0.32
 Alcohol abuse 64 (43.2) 56 (45.9) 8 (30.8) 0.51 (0.21–1.25)
 Otherb 36 (24.3) 30 (24.6) 6 (23.1) 0.65 (0.24–1.73)
Comorbidities, n (%)
 Diabetes 20 (13.5) 13 (10.7) 7 (26.9) 2.59 (1.09–6.17) 0.03
 Hypertension 58 (39.2) 42 (34.4) 16 (61.5) 2.64 (1.20–5.82) 0.02
 Dyslipidaemia 38 (25.7) 32 (26.2) 6 (23.1) 0.87 (0.35–2.17) 0.77
 Smoking 54 (36.5) 49 (40.2) 5 (19.2) 0.42 (0.16–1.12) 0.08
 Alcohol usec 73 (49.3) 63 (51.6) 10 (38.5) 0.65 (0.29–1.43) 0.28
 Chronic pancreatitis 12 (8.1) 12 (9.8) 0 (0)
 SAPS II, mean (SD) 38.1 (19.7) 33.5 (18.5) 52 (16.7) 1.04 (1.02–1.06) <0.001
 CTSI, mean (SD) 5.9 (2.4) 5.5 (2.2) 7.7 (2.2) 30.7 (5.1–183.5) <0.001
Complications, n (%)
 No OF 26 (17.6) 26 (21.3) 0 (0) 1
 One or two OFs 60 (40.5) 60 (49.2) 0 (0)
  ≥3 OFs 62 (41.9) 36 (29.5) 26 (100)
 Persistent OF (>48 hours) 63 (42.6) 44 (36.1) 19 (73.1) 3.84 (1.61–9.14) 0.002
Type of persistent OF, n (%):
 Respiratory failure 93 (62.8) 68 (55.7) 25 (96.2) 15.92 (2.16–117.48) 0.007
 Mechanical ventilation 63 (42.6) 44 (36.1) 19 (73.1) 3.79 (1.59–9.02) 0.003
 ARDS 23 (15.5) 13 (10.7) 10 (38.5) 3.81 (1.72–8.40) 0.001
 Circulatory failure 62 (41.9) 36 (29.5) 26 (100) <0.001
 Pressor aminesd 49 (33.1) 30 (24.6) 19 (73.1) 6.07 (2.55–14.43) <0.001
 Renal failure 66 (44.6) 40 (32.8) 26 (100) <0.001
 RRT 25 (16.9) 12 (9.8) 13 (50) 5.89 (2.72–12.71) <0.001
 PSMVT, n (%) 76 (51.7) 59 (48.4) 17 (68) 1.94 (0.84–4.51) 0.12
 Perforation of hollow organ, n (%) 5 (3.4) 4 (3.3) 1 (3.8) 1.01 (0.14–7.50) 0.99
 Bowel ischaemia, n (%) 7 (4.7) 2 (1.6) 5 (19.2) 6.65 (2.48–17.84) <0.001
 Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) 13 (8.8) 10 (8.2) 3 (11.5) 1.24 (0.37–4.14) 0.72
 Intervention for infected pancreatic necrosise, n (%) 64 (43.2) 53 (43.4) 11 (42.3) 0.84 (0.38–1.83) 0.66
 Surgical necrosectomy, n (%) 36 (24.3) 26 (21.3) 10 (38.5) 1.79 (0.81–3.94) 0.15

HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score version II18 determined 24 hours after intensive care unit admission; CTSI: Computed Tomography Severity Index, which can range from 0 to 10 and was ≥ 3 in all study patients; OF: organ failure; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; RRT: renal replacement therapy; PSMVT: portosplenomesenteric venous thrombosis.

a

Of the 148 study patients, 16 died during the first week; of the remaining 132 patients, 62 did and 70 did not develop infected pancreatic necrosis.

b

Other causes of pancreatitis: hypertriglyceridemia, unknown, drug-induced causes, post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, traumatic.

c

Alcohol consumption > 20 g/day in women and 30 g/day in men.

d

Pressor amines: Pressor amines initiate because of persisting hypotension with mean blood pressure <65 mmHg despite adequate fluid resuscitation >40 ml/kg.

e

Radiological, endoscopical and surgical interventions.