Table 2.

Approaches with the need for an adjunct tool and addition costs

Enhanced imaging	Description	Benefits	Limitations
NBI	Narrow spectrum of wavelength enhances visualization of blood vessels and mucosal pit pattern	Helps delineate pathology and depth of invasion in early cancer	Inconsistent impact on ADR Training required Additional time required, especially with chromoendoscopy
FICE, i-scan	Image enhancement by proprietary postprocessing computer algorithms applied to the white-light images
Chromoendoscopy	Colonic spraying of dye to enhance contrast and accentuate epithelial surface changes
Third eye retroscope	Slim endoscope passes through biopsy channel and reverses direction 180°	Helps find polyps behind folds	Reduction of suction capacity and need to remove retroscope to perform polypectomy
Full-spectrum endoscopy	330° view on 3 screens		The wide angle of view pertains only to the right-left direction and not the up-down direction Training needed
Fold-flattening devices	Attached to end or tip of colonoscope		Except for the transparent cap, most of these devices are not readily available in Taiwan
Transparent cap	Transparent cap	Shorter insertion time and higher intubation rates
Endocuff	Flexible cuff with 1 or 2 rows of flexible wings	The most promising device showing increased ADR in multiple studies, especially the second generation (endocuff vision)	Causes a minor increase in discomfort on anal intubation Might cause mucosal abrasions
Endorings	Short tube-like core and several layers of flexible circular rings
G-eye	Integrated inflatable, reusable balloon

NBI: Narrow band imaging, FICE: Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy