Table 2.

Poisson regression models estimating persistent sleep problems

	Short sleep duration		Sleep insufficiency		Poor sleep quality		Insomnia symptoms		Sleep medication use
	RR	[95% CI]	RR	[95% CI]	RR	[95% CI]	RR	[95% CI]	RR	[95% CI]
Disaster damage
Financial hardship (vs. no)	1.40	[1.03, 1.90]*	1.29	[1.01, 1.66]*	1.47	[1.26, 1.70]***	1.13	[1.01, 1.28]*	1.08	[0.88, 1.31]
Home destruction (vs. no)
Half destroyed or worse	0.82	[0.52, 1.27]	0.98	[0.70, 1.37]	0.90	[0.73, 1.11]	0.99	[0.84, 1.16]	1.36	[1.06, 1.74]*
Partially destroyed	1.13	[0.85, 1.50]	1.20	[0.96, 1.50]	1.12	[0.97, 1.29]	1.09	[0.98, 1.20]	1.37	[1.15, 1.63]***
Health care disruption (vs. no)	1.07	[0.73, 1.58]	1.04	[0.75, 1.42]	1.34	[1.13, 1.58]***	1.08	[0.93, 1.24]	1.14	[0.91, 1.42]
Loss of close relatives/friends (vs. no)	1.07	[0.83, 1.39]	1.14	[0.92, 1.40]	1.06	[0.93, 1.21]	0.97	[0.88, 1.07]	0.95	[0.81, 1.12]
Pre-disaster social support
Instrumental support (vs. no)	0.57	[0.34, 0.98]*	0.46	[0.31, 0.69]***	0.63	[0.48, 0.82]***	0.70	[0.57, 0.87]**	0.70	[0.49, 0.99]*
Emotional support (vs. no)	0.97	[0.54, 1.73]	0.89	[0.59, 1.35]	0.74	[0.58, 0.95]*	1.00	[0.83, 1.22]	1.22	[0.80, 1.87]
Pre-disaster covariates
Female (vs. male)	1.27	[0.80, 2.01]	0.98	[0.72, 1.34]	1.32	[1.07, 1.64]**	0.94	[0.81, 1.10]	2.18	[1.66, 2.87]***
Age, years	0.98	[0.96, 1.01]	1.02	[1.00, 1.04]+	1.00	[0.99, 1.01]	1.02	[1.01, 1.03]***	1.04	[1.02, 1.05]***
Married (vs. no)	0.70	[0.50, 0.99]*	0.91	[0.71, 1.17]	1.03	[0.87, 1.22]	1.01	[0.89, 1.15]	1.03	[0.85, 1.24]
Education (vs. 10–12 years)
<6 years	0.31	[0.04, 2.32]	0.73	[0.27, 1.97]	1.21	[0.74, 1.99]	1.14	[0.79, 1.66]	1.13	[0.68, 1.89]
6–9 years	0.92	[0.68, 1.25]	0.91	[0.72, 1.16]	0.95	[0.81, 1.11]	0.98	[0.87, 1.09]	0.90	[0.75, 1.08]
>12 years	0.67	[0.46, 0.98]*	0.88	[0.67, 1.15]	0.99	[0.83, 1.17]	0.97	[0.86, 1.09]	1.08	[0.88, 1.32]
Equivalised income (vs. 2–4 million JPY)
< 2 million JPY	1.01	[0.78, 1.32]	1.05	[0.84, 1.30]	1.05	[0.92, 1.21]	1.04	[0.94, 1.15]	1.23	[1.04, 1.45]*
> 4 million JPY	0.94	[0.58, 1.51]	1.11	[0.77, 1.58]	0.98	[0.76, 1.25]	0.89	[0.74, 1.06]	1.17	[0.89, 1.54]
Smoking status (vs. never)
Current	0.88	[0.50, 1.53]	1.27	[0.88, 1.83]	1.03	[0.80, 1.32]	1.08	[0.91, 1.29]	1.02	[0.72, 1.44]
Used to	1.32	[0.88, 1.99]	1.19	[0.88, 1.61]	1.24	[1.02, 1.51]*	1.24	[1.09, 1.42]**	1.12	[0.85, 1.46]
Drinking status (vs. never)
Current	0.75	[0.54, 1.04]+	0.79	[0.62, 1.02]+	1.00	[0.85, 1.18]	1.11	[0.99, 1.24]+	0.88	[0.70, 1.09]
Used to	0.62	[0.25, 1.50]	0.82	[0.47, 1.43]	0.95	[0.67, 1.36]	0.93	[0.72, 1.20]	1.43	[0.95, 2.14]+
Observations	2477		2470		2482		2496		2485

Exponentiated coefficients.

⁺ p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.