TABLE 2. Estimated hypertension prevalence and population classification by new* and former† guidelines — National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2013–2016.
| Characteristic (no.) | No. (weighted) | Estimated hypertension prevalence (new guidelines) % (95% CI) | Hypertension prevalence (former guidelines) % (95% CI) | No. of persons with hypertension (new guidelines) | No. of persons with hypertension (former guidelines) | Net increase in no. of persons with hypertension | Percentage of population reclassified as having hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All, aged 12–19 yrs (2,440)
|
30,855,000
|
4.11 (3.22–5.24)
|
1.54 (1.01–2.23)
|
1,269,000
|
474,000
|
795,000
|
2.58 (1.84–3.34)
|
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||||||
| 12–17 (1,898) |
24,352,000 |
3.21 (2.40–4.28) |
1.62 (0.97–2.52) |
781,000 |
394,000 |
387,000 |
1.59 (0.95–2.29) |
| 18–19 (542) |
6,503,000 |
7.50 (5.00–10.73) |
1.23 (0.48–2.56) |
488,000 |
80,000 |
408,000 |
6.29 (3.98–8.93) |
|
Sex
| |||||||
| Male (1,220) |
15,550,000 |
5.78 (4.33–7.67) |
2.18 (1.39–3.25) |
899,000 |
339,000 |
560,000 |
3.62 (2.35–5.00) |
| Female (1,220) |
15,305,000 |
2.42 (1.41–3.84) |
0.88 (0.44–1.58) |
370,000 |
135,000 |
235,000 |
1.53 (0.88–2.32) |
|
Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| White, non-Hispanic (641) |
16,669,000 |
2.97 (1.73–4.74) |
0.80¶ (0.21–2.08) |
495,000 |
133,000 |
362,000 |
2.17 (1.09–3.43) |
| Black, non-Hispanic (583) |
4,345,000 |
6.27 (3.84–9.59) |
2.94 (1.44–5.30) |
273,000 |
128,000 |
145,000 |
3.37 (1.89–5.05) |
| Mexican American (549) |
4,525,000 |
4.94 (3.01–7.59) |
2.33 (1.19–4.09) |
224,000 |
106,000 |
118,000 |
2.58 (1.29–4.04) |
| Other (667) |
5,315,000 |
5.22 (3.65–7.20) |
2.02 (1.09–3.40) |
277,000 |
107,000 |
170,000 |
3.23 (1.86–4.79) |
|
Weight status
§
| |||||||
| Healthy (1,423) |
18,439,000 |
1.88 (1.12–2.97) |
0.62¶ (0.28–1.18) |
347,000 |
114,000 |
234,000 |
1.28 (0.63–2.11) |
| Overweight (461) |
5,689,000 |
1.86 (0.83–3.55) |
1.86 (0.83–3.55) |
287,000 |
106,000 |
181,000 |
3.16¶ (1.38–5.40) |
| Obesity (all) (556) |
6,726,000 |
9.43 (6.78–12.97) |
3.79 (2.20–6.04) |
634,000 |
255,000 |
380,000 |
5.64 (3.66–7.88) |
| Obesity (severe) (228) |
2,705,000 |
14.70 (10.01–20.51) |
5.87 (3.20–9.76) |
397,000 |
159,000 |
239,000 |
8.76 (4.68–13.93) |
| Obesity (not severe) (328) | 4,022,000 | 5.89 (2.91–10.44) | 2.38 (0.66–5.96) | 237,000 | 96,000 | 141,000 | 3.52 (1.84–5.52) |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval.
* New guideline: adolescents aged 12–17 years were classified as having hypertension if mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure was ≥95th percentile (using 2017 percentile tables), or systolic blood pressure was ≥130 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure was ≥80 mmHg, or the participant reported were taking antihypertensive medication (available for ages 16–19 years). Persons aged 18–19 years were classified as having hypertension if systolic blood pressure was ≥130 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure was ≥80 mmHg, or if the participant reported taking antihypertensive medication.
† Former guideline: adolescents aged 12–17 years were classified as having hypertension if mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure was ≥95th percentile (using 2004 age, sex, and height percentile tables), or if the participant reported use of antihypertensive medication. For persons aged 18–19 years, hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure was ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg, or if the participant reported use of antihypertensive medication.
§ BMI is compared with age- and sex-specific reference values from the 2000 CDC growth charts (https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/cdc_charts.htm). Healthy = BMI-for-age ≥5th to <85th, overweight = BMI-for-age ≥85th to <95th percentile, obesity = BMI-for-age ≥95th percentile. Severe obesity = BMI-for-age ≥120% of the 95th percentile. Those classified as underweight are excluded.
¶ Indicates relative standard error >30%.