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. 2018 Jul 9;9:604. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00604

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Copyright © 2018 Oh, Yoo, Kim, Kang, Lee, Lm, Choi, Jung, Bae, Oh, Hong, Jo, Shin, Kim, Kim, Cho, Lee and Choi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible antidepressant mechanisms of action of VBLW. (A) HPA axis. (B) Serotonergic systems at the synapse: [1] Serotonin synthesis; [2] serotonin into vesicles; [3] vesicles releases into the synaptic cleft; [4] serotonin binds to receptor; [5] serotonin binding receptor initiates cellular signaling pathways; [6] the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons occurs; [7] serotonin recycling into vesicles; or [8] MAO breaks down serotonin. AC, adenylyl cyclase; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; Akt, protein kinase B; AVP, Arginine-vasopressin; CORT, corticosterone; CREB, cyclic AMP response element binding protein; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ERK1/2, extracellular signal–regulated kinases1/2; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; MAO-A, monoamine oxidase A; PKA, protein kinase A; PI3K, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases; SERT, serotonin transporter; TPH2, Tryptophan hydroxylase 2; VBLW, Vaccinium bracteatum leaves water extract.