Table 2.
Factors associated with AIDS-defining-events or death after 6 months of ART: univariable and multivariable analysis.
| Characteristics | Children who survived without AIDS-defining event (n=515) | AIDS-defining events or death (n=38)* | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis†(N=539) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR (95%CI) | P | aSHR (95%CI) | P | |||
| At ART initiation | ||||||
| Sex, Female | 279/515 (54%) | 23/38 (61%) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | 0.488 | ||
| Age | ||||||
| < 2 years (ref.) | 117/515 (23%) | 12/38 (32%) | 1 | 0.018 | ||
| 2 ≤ age < 6 years | 130/515 (25%) | 2/38 (5%) | 0.2 (<0.1, 0.7) | |||
| 6 ≤ age < 11 years | 204/515 (40%) | 14/38 (37%) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.4) | |||
| age ≥ 11 years | 64/515 (12%) | 10/38 (26%) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | |||
| CDC stage, B or C | 256/494 (52%) | 21/36 (58%) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.6) | 0.405 | ||
| CD4%, <10% | 260/498 (52%) | 26/38 (32%) | 1.9 (0.9, 3.6) | 0.079 | ||
| HIV-RNA load, ≥ 5 log10 copies/mL | 263/438 (60%) | 20/32 (63%) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) | 0.700 | ||
| Height-z-score, < -2 SD | 241/515 (47%) | 20/36 (56%) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | 0.489 | ||
| Weight-z-score, < -2 SD | 73/515 (14%) | 8/38 (21%) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.8) | 0.178 | ||
| BMI-z-score, < -2 SD | 107/490 (22%) | 16/36 (44%) | 2.8 (1.5, 5.5) | 0.002 | ||
| Hemoglobin, <8 g/dL | 26/481 (5%) | 3/38 (8%) | 1.6 (0.5, 5.4) | 0.436 | ||
| ART regimen | ||||||
| NNRTI-based (ref.) | 413/515 (80%) | 28/38 (74%) | 1 | 0.186 | ||
| PI-based | 50/515 (10%) | 6/38 (16%) | 2.3 (0.9, 5.5) | |||
| NRTIs only | 52/515 (10%) | 4/38 (11%) | 1.1 (0.4, 3.1) | |||
| Year of ART initiation, before 2003** | 430/515 (84%) | 30/38 (79%) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.629 | ||
| Time-varying variables‡ | ||||||
| Current age ≥13 years | 320/512 (63%) | 20/35 (57%) | 4.1 (2.0, 8.4) | < 0.001 | 4.9 (2.4, 10.1) | < 0.001 |
| CD4% per unit increase | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | < 0.001 | ||||
| CD4% always below 10% | 5/511 (1%) | 6/35 (17%) | 25.9 (9.3, 72.7) | < 0.001 | ||
| HIV-RNA | ||||||
| Always <400 copies/mL (ref.) | 261/503 (52%) | 9/34 (26%) | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
| At least once ≥ 400 copies/mL | 221/503 (44%) | 16/34 (48%) | 1.8 (0.8, 4.1) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.1) | ||
| Always ≥ 400 copies/mL | 21/503 (4%) | 9/34 (26%) | 11.5 (4.4, 30.0) | 12.3 (4.0, 37.6) | ||
| Height-z-score per unit increase | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.081 | ||||
| Weight-z-score per unit increase | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI-z-score per unit increase | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI-z-score, always below -2 SD | 6/511 (1%) | 2/35 (6%) | 7.9 (1.6, 38.1) | 0.010 | 13.7 (3.4, 55.7) | < 0.001 |
| Experienced anemia <8g/dL at least once | 27/509 (5%) | 10/35 (29%) | 6.3 (3.1, 12.9) | < 0.001 | 4.6 (2.0, 10.5) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: SHR, subhazard ratio; aSHR, adjusted subhazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
24 children (4%) died and 24 (4%) experienced at least one AIDS-defining event, 10 of whom who subsequently died.
Variables included in the multivariable analysis were: current age ≥13-years, HIV-RNA (always <400 copies/mL, at least once > 400 copies/mL and always ≥ 400 copies/mL), BMI-z-score always below -2 SD, and experienced of anemia <8g/dL at least once.
Median duration of follow-up for children initiated on ART before 2003 was 10.9 (IQR, 4.5-12.6) and 7.8 (IQR, 4.9-9.3) for those initiated thereafter.
Time-varying variables only included data available after 6 months of follow-up (6 children were excluded).