Table 2. Association between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and risk factors with Anti-HBc.
Ref = reference.
| Variable | Anti-HBc Positive/Total (%) | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P-value* | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |||
| Highest level of Education | Illiterate/Primary | 80/158 (50.63) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Secondary study | 100/216 (46.29) | 0.84 | [0.55–1.26] | 0.4 | 0.81 | [0.52–1.26] | 0.3 | |
| Higher education | 7/25 (28) | 0.37 | [0.15–0.95] | 0.04 | 0.64 | [0.21–1.91] | 0.4 | |
| Geographic origin | Vientiane Capital | 26/90 (28.88) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Provincial | 161/309 (52.10) | 2.67 | [1.61–4.44] | <0.001 | 1.50 | [0.81–2.78] | 0.1 | |
| Marital status | Single | 117/233 (50.21) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Married | 60/146 (41.09) | 0.69 | [0.45–1.05] | 0.08 | 0.67 | [0.27–1.65] | 0.3 | |
| Divorced | 10/20 (50.00) | 0.99 | [0.39–2.47] | 0.9 | 0.47 | [0.14–1.53] | 0.2 | |
| Have boyfriend | No | 72/147 (48.97) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 115/252 (45.63) | 0.87 | [0.58–1.31] | 0.5 | ||||
| Accommodation | House | 50/150 (33.33) | Ref | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | Ref | |
| Dormitory | 118/205 (57.56) | 2.71 | [1.75–4.20] | <0.001 | 3.02 | [1.53–5.95] | 0.001 | |
| Rent a room | 19/44 (43.18) | 1.52 | [0.76–3.01] | 0.2 | 1.29 | [0.62–2.68] | 0.4 | |
| History of pregnancy | No child, no abortion | 118/254 (46.45) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Child, No abortion | 24/54 (44.44) | 092 | [0.51–1.66] | 0.7 | 2.34 | [0.95–5.74] | 0.06 | |
| Abortion | 45/91 (49.45) | 1.12 | [0.69–1.82] | 0.6 | 2.55 | [1.15–5.68] | 0.02 | |
| Have heard of hepatitis* | No | 129/273 (47.25) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 58/126 (46.03) | 0.95 | [0.62–1.45] | 0.8 | ||||
| Know the symptoms | Do not know/poor knowledge | 176/373 (47.18) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| At least one | 11/26 (42.30) | 0.82 | [0.36–1.83] | 0.6 | ||||
| Know that Hepatitis B is curable | No | 178/378 (47.08) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 9/21 (42.85) | 0.84 | [0.34–2.04] | 0.7 | ||||
| Know Hepatitis is a severe disease | No | 178/376 (47.34) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 9/23 (39.13) | 0.71 | [0.30–1.69] | 0.4 | ||||
| Know someone infected in the family | No | 153/329 (46.50) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 34/70 (48.57) | 1.08 | [0.64–1.82] | 0.7 | ||||
| Contact with human blood | No | 151/325 (46.46) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 36/74 (48.64) | 1.09 | [0.65–1.80] | 0.7 | ||||
| Ever had Sexual intercourse | No | 57/131 (43.51) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 130/268 (48.50) | 1.22 | [0.80–1.86] | 0.3 | ||||
| Number of partners | No sex | 57/131 (43.51) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| One | 96/211 (45.49) | 1.08 | [0.69–1.68] | 0.7 | 1.39 | [0.78–2.50] | 0.2 | |
| More than one | 34/57 (59.64) | 1.91 | [1.02–3.61] | 0.04 | 2.12 | [1.02–4.40] | 0.04 | |
| Use condom | No sex | 57/131 (43.51) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Always | 25/38 (65.78) | 2.49 | [1.17–5.30] | 0.01 | ||||
| Sometime | 35/84 (41.66) | 0.92 | [0.53–1.61] | 0.7 | ||||
| Never | 70/146 (47.94) | 1.19 | [0.74–1.92] | 0.4 | ||||
| Have STIs | No | 176/373 (47.18) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 11/26 (42.30) | 0.82 | [0.36–1.83] | 0.6 | ||||
| Income | <1,700,000 | 167/342(48.83) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| >1,700,000 | 20/57 (35.08) | 0.56 | [0.31–1.01] | 0.05 | 0.69 | [0.35–1.33] | 0.2 | |
| Age | 15–29 | 128/265 (48.30) | 1.18 | [0.78–1.80] | 0.4 | |||
| 30–44 | 50/115 (43.47) | 0.82 | [0.53–1.27] | 0.3 | ||||
| >45 | 9/19 (47.36) | 0.96 | [0.37–2.44] | 0.9 | ||||
*Those variables with p≤0.2 were considered for inclusion into the multivariate analyses. “History of pregnancy” was considered an important variable and therefore was included in multivariate analyses despite not reaching p≤0.2 in bivariate analysis. “Using a condom” was correlated with “Number of partners” and therefore was excluded from the multivariate analysis