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. 2018 Jul 16;13(7):e0200303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200303

Table 3. Proportion (with 95% CI) of researchers in ecology and evolution (combined) who reported having doubts about scientific integrity*.

  Questionable Research Practices Scientific Misconduct
  Never Once or Twice Often Never Once or Twice Often
Researchers from other institutions 8.9 56.6 34.5 39.0 55.5 5.5
(6.8–11.6) (52.3–60.7) (30.6–38.6) (34.9–43.4) (51.0–59.8) (3.8–7.8)
Research at your institution 27.9 52.2 20.0 69.2 29.1 1.6
(24.2–31.8) (47.9–56.4) (16.8–23.6) (65.0–73.1) (25.3–33.3) (0.8–3.1)
Graduate student research at your institution 31.0 48.6 20.4 72.5 25.6 1.8
(27.2–35.1) (44.3–52.8) (17.1–24.0) (68.4–76.3) (21.9–29.7) (1.0–3.5)
Senior colleagues or collaborators 31.5 50.8 17.7 73.3 24.7 2.0
(27.6–35.5) (46.6–55.1) (14.7–21.2) (69.2–77.0) (21.1–28.7) (1.1–3.7)
Your own research 52.2 44.6 3.2 97.9 2.0 0.0
(48.0–56.4) (40.5–48.8) (2.0–5.0) (96.2–98.8) (1.1–3.7) (0.0–0.8)

*note that not all researchers answered each component of the table above so the total sample size for each of the cells differs slightly, ranging from 488 to 539 samples per cell