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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013 Oct;45(2):217–226. doi: 10.1007/s12016-013-8361-3

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on immune cells. After binding to VDR, the biologically active 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 can induce a conformational change on VDR and increase its affinity to RXR. The VDR-RXR heterodimer becomes a transcriptional factor, interacts with VDREs in the promoter regions of different genes, and ultimately leads to functional changes in multiple immune cell lineages, including Th1, Th17, Th2, Treg, and NKT cells