| Grandbois & Sanders, 2009 |
8 AI elders, ages 57–83 years |
Storytelling used to explore AI elder resilience. Outcomes of thematic analysis of interviews cross-checked with respondents. |
Themes identified: strategies of resilience are grounded in AI identity and connection felt with creation. Recommendations for mental health services are: offer culture-based online materials for elders, establish a “cultural consultant” network to answer questions, collaborate with AI communities to develop mental health services, train more AI mental health professionals, and include resilience strategies into mental health services. |
| Grandbois & Sanders, 2012 |
8 AI elders, ages 57–83 years |
Storytelling used to examine AI elders’ experiences with stereotypes and resilience. |
Themes identified: culture and strong self-identity supported resilience relative to stereotyping. Recommendation for mental and physical health services to reinforce culture in the care of AI elders. |
| Browne, Mokuau, & Braun, 2009 |
Not applicable |
Developed a model to investigate social and health disparities among NH elders by using a literature review of life course and resilience theories to develop a timeline with cultural and historical markers within the lives of NH elders. The timeline is linked to social/health delivery strategies. |
Key historical events identified pre-1915 to post- 1975. Loss of culture has impacted the health of the older cohort of elders, but cultural renaissance may be beneficial in restoring health. Recommendation for social work practice to include culturally appropriate services that consider historical and cultural markers as well as resilience strategies within the lives of NH elders. |
| Schure, Odden, & Goins, 2013 |
185 AI elders, ages 55 years and older |
Assessed association of resilience with mental health (using depression and mental health scales) and physical health (using physical health and chronic pain scales). |
Demonstrated attenuated associations between resilience and physical health when adjusted for all physical health measures. Higher levels of resilience were associated with decreased odds of depressive symptomology, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). |
| Wexler, 2011 |
3 AN cohort groups: 7 AN elders, ages 60 years and older; 7 AN adults, ages 33–50 years; and 9 youth, ages 14–21 years. |
Used Intergenerational Dialogue Exchange and Action (IDEA), an interview format. Focus groups (for youth and elders) and open-ended interviews were conducted. |
IDEA offered opportunity for elder/adult/youth communication, and cross-age connections, supporting cultural knowledge transmission. Format allowed adults/elders to reflect on memories and choose stories, summarize key lessons, and give advice to the youth. Youth expressed sense of cultural identity as “learning about what the Elders have been through” (Wexler, 2011, p. 259). |
| Wexler, 2014 |
3 AN cohort groups: 7 AN elders, 60 years and older; 7 AN adults, 33– 50 years; and 9 youth, 14–21 years. |
2 focus groups and 19 structured interviews conducted to investigate cultural strengths to identify ways to enhance resilience among Indigenous youth |
Determined sources of strength for 3 generations to investigate how culture is shaped by past experiences and changed over time. Culture can support the people’s sense of identity, feeling of commitment to “their people,” and purpose in life. Youth were less clear about identity, and showed limited ability to use cultural strengths to overcome challenges. |
