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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res. 2016;23(3):117–133. doi: 10.5820/aian.2303.2016.117

Table 2. Description of American Indian Elder Resilience Themes and Patterns Relating to Youth Resilience.

Theme Patterns Examples of Patterns
Culture Know tribal roots and history Teach historical events (e.g., AI children sent to boarding school) and share family stories (e.g., grandparents as role models, reservation living) to help youth reflect on the past to build identity for the future
Value intergenerational relationships Build connection between youth and elders through cultural activities (e.g., farm with grandparents) and strengthen family networks (i.e.. introduce children to relatives) to help youth understand family lineage
Engage in cultural activities Engage youth by sharing cultural teachings, connecting them to the land (e.g., care for yard and garden) and have them take part in sweat lodge or talking circles
Draw personal strength from cultural teachings and values Teach youth they can use personal strength from positive thinking and spiritual faith (e.g., prayer) to get through challenges
Build character traits from cultural teachings Encourage positive character traits in youth to build their personal character (e.g., respect body, enjoy life even with limited income) and how they interact with others (i.e.. respect women)
Youth Activities Engage in traditional activities Engage youth in traditional activities (e.g., drum circles, dancing, powwow) to expose youth to activities not often experienced in urban settings
Engage in contemporary activities Engage youth in contemporary activities in urban settings that are low cost (e.g., free community events) and activities that are family based (i.e. traveling, camping, grandparents taking grandkids on educational trips)
Education Support for education Support education through community programs (e.g.,, clothing bank helping youth meet basic needs, TIC offering tutoring and helping youth apply for college)
Take responsibility for own education Teach youth personal responsibility for reaching educational goals by sharing personal experiences and lessons learned (e.g., high school dropouts can get GEDs)
Value parental involvement Parents support and influence youth to pursue and complete school by offering means and resources to increase exposure to educational opportunities (e.g., parents enroll youth in after-school programs such as YMCA)
Enhance motivation for education Build motivation in youth to reach educational goals by offering positive reinforcement (e.g., higher education helps youth have a job they really like)