Table 3. Associations of Baseline Physical Activity with Risk of Gestational Diabetes, the CARDIA Study (1985-2011).

	Total Physical Activity (Exercise Units)
	Continuous*			Low (<200)		Intermediate (200-400)		High (>400)
Total Physical Activity Models	N	OR (95% CI)	P-value	N	OR (95% CI)	N	OR (95% CI)	N	OR (95% CI)	P-value for Trend
Model 1	1333	0.97 (0.82-1.14)	0.693	441	1.00 (Ref)	433	1.16 (0.77-1.74)	459	1.13 (0.76-1.69)	0.557
Model 2	1274	0.98 (0.82-1.18)	0.868	417	1.00 (Ref)	417	1.17 (0.76-1.81)	440	1.22 (0.79-1.90)	0.376
Model 3	1269	1.01 (0.84-1.21)	0.956	416	1.00 (Ref)	415	1.23 (0.79-1.90)	438	1.28 (0.82-2.00)	0.276
Model 4	1248	0.98 (0.82-1.19)	0.887	408	1.00 (Ref)	409	1.26 (0.81-1.96)	431	1.19 (0.76-1.88)	0.459

Model 1 is the unadjusted association; Model 2 adjusted for center, time from baseline to delivery, race, age, parity, education, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and dietary fat; Model 3 additionally adjusted for waist circumference; Model 4 additionally adjusted for HOMA-IR and HDL-C.

^*Continuous models expressed per 1 SD of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (256 exercise units).