Table 4. Associations of Year 5 Television Viewing Time with Risk of Gestational Diabetes, the CARDIA Study (1990-2011).

	Television Viewing (Hours/Day)
	Continuous*			Low (0-1)		Intermediate (2)		High (≥3)
Television Viewing Models	N	OR (95% CI)	P-value	N	OR (95% CI)	N	OR (95% CI)	N	OR (95% CI)	P-value for Trend
Model 1	756	1.07 (0.87-1.32)	0.519	252	1.00 (Ref)	200	0.86 (0.46-1.62)	304	1.39 (0.31-2.34)	0.178
Model 2	723	0.96 (0.74-1.25)	0.783	242	1.00 (Ref)	190	0.77 (0.40-1.50)	291	1.15 (0.62-2.11)	0.614
Model 3	721	0.95 (0.73-1.24)	0.715	241	1.00 (Ref)	190	0.77 (0.40-1.49)	290	1.06 (0.57-1.98)	0.807
Model 4	709	0.95 (0.72, 1.24)	0.694	238	1.00 (Ref)	189	0.76 (0.39, 1.48)	282	1.01 (0.54, 1.90)	0.953

Model 1 is the unadjusted association; Model 2 adjusted for center, time from baseline to delivery, race, age, parity, education, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and dietary fat; Model 3 additionally adjusted for waist circumference; Model 4 additionally adjusted for HOMA-IR and HDL-C.

^*Continuous models expressed per 1 SD of television viewing (2.1 hours/day).