Table 2.
Estimated Prevalence of Attitudes and Behaviors Associated With NMUPS Among High School Seniors (2009–2015 MTFa).
| Attitudes and Behaviors | No Past-Year NMUPS (n = 14 317b; %) |
Past-Year NMUPS-SE only (n = 58; %) |
Past-Year NMUPS-SE and non-SE (n = 319; %) |
Past-Year NMUPS-non-SE only (n = 404; %) | Statistical Analyses (Design-Adjusted F-statistic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic achievement | |||||
| Which of the following best describes your average grade so far in high school? | |||||
| A, A-, B+, B, B- (80–100) | 84.9 | 82.4 | 76.5 | 75.2 | F2.94, 41 139.87 = 9.81c |
| C+, C, C-, D (79 or below) | 15.1 | 17.6 | 23.5 | 24.8 | |
| Academic cheating | |||||
| How do you think most students in your classes would feel if you cheated on a test? | |||||
| They would like it very much, they would like it, or they would not care | 82.9 | 89.0 | 94.4 | 89.1 | F2.80, 37 001.43 = 7.60c |
| They would dislike it or they would dislike it very much | 17.1 | 11.0 | 5.6 | 10.9 | |
| Binge drinking | |||||
| During the last 2 weeks, how many times have you had 5 or more drinks in a row? | |||||
| No binge drinking | 84.6 | 45.6 | 40.3 | 47.5 | F2.99, 41 362.92 = 200.14d |
| Yes, binge drinking | 15.4 | 54.4 | 59.7 | 52.5 | |
| Cigarette smoking | |||||
| Have you smoked cigarettes during the past 30 days? | |||||
| No cigarette smoking | 85.1 | 63.9 | 41.5 | 41.8 | F2.99, 43 761.07 = 233.25d |
| Yes, cigarette smoking | 14.9 | 36.1 | 58.5 | 58.2 | |
| Marijuana use | |||||
| Have you used marijuana during the last 12 months? | |||||
| No marijuana use | 69.2 | 22.3 | 10.1 | 15.8 | F2.91, 43 160.71 = 205.53d |
| Yes, marijuana use | 30.8 | 77.7 | 89.9 | 84.2 | |
| Opioid nonmedical use (past 12 months) | |||||
| No, opioid nonmedical use | 95.3 | 79.1 | 44.0 | 51.8 | F3, 43 609.1 = 538.54c |
| Yes, opioid nonmedical use (past-year) | 4.7 | 20.9 | 56.0 | 48.2 | |
| Skipped class | |||||
| During last 4 weeks, how many whole days of school have you missed because you skipped | or “cut”? | ||||
| Did not skip any days | 71.6 | 62.3 | 41.6 | 52.6 | F3.00, 40 913.56 = 43.41d |
| Skipped one or more days | 28.4 | 37.7 | 58.4 | 47.4 | |
| Route of administration | |||||
| Oral administration only | NA | 86.7 | 77.0 | 73.5 | F1.79, 1365.53 = 1.08; P = .33 |
| Nonoral routes of administration | 13.3 | 23.0 | 26.5 | ||
| Subjective high | |||||
| Not at all/a little/not | NA | 95.3 | 55.2 | 54.2 | F1.92, 1468.32 = 15.03c |
| Moderately/very high | 4.7 | 44.8 | 45.8 | ||
| Expected future use | |||||
| Probably/definitely will not | NA | 75.1 | 68.4 | 78.0 | F1.94, 1479.00 = 2.64; P = .07 |
| Definitely/probably will | 24.9 | 31.6 | 22.0 | ||
Abbreviations: NMUPS, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants; NMUPS-SE only, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for study enhancement only; NMUPS-SE and non-SE, nonmedical use of prescription stimulant for both study enhancement and nonstudy purposes; NMUPS non-SE only, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for nonstudy enhancement purposes only; NA, Not Applicable.
Source: 2009 to 2015 Monitoring the Future (MTF); weighted estimates.
Sample sizes in each column may not sum to overall total in each column header due to missing data on some of the outcome variables (eg, academic achievement) in the MTF data set.
P < .001.
P < .0001.