Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Memory Disorders Clinic (ADRC) | Population Study (MYHAT) | ADRC All vs MYHAT All P-value* |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| NonProg N = 142 |
Prog N = 42 |
NonProg vs Prog P-value* |
All N = 184 |
NonProg N = 390 |
Prog N = 45 |
NonProg vs Prog P-value* |
All N = 435 |
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| Age at baseline (years) Mean (SD) | 75.0 (5.4) | 76.5 (6.3) | 0.151 | 75.3 (5.7) | 78.8 (7.3) | 82.8 (5.2) | < 0.001 | 79.2 (7.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Female N (%) | 62 (43.7) | 23 (54.8) | 0.222 | 85 (46.2) | 222 (56.9) | 24 (53.3) | 0.751 | 246 (56.6) | 0.022 | |
| Years education Mean (SD) | 13.4 (3.3) | 13.9 (3.8) | 0.450 | 13.5 (3.4) | 12.6 (2.5) | 12.0 (2.0) | 0.061 | 12.5 (2.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Race / Ethnicity N (%) | ||||||||||
| White Non-Hispanic | 91 (64.1) | 29 (69.0) | 0.414 | 120 (65.2) | 359 (92.1) | 39 (86.7) | 0.391 | 398 (91.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Black Non-Hispanic | 14 (9.9) | 1 (2.4) | 15 (8.2) | 27 (6.9) | 6 (13.3) | 33 (7.6) | ||||
| White Hispanic | 35 (24.6) | 11 (26.2) | 46 (25.0) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | ||||
| Other | 2 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | ||||
| Follow-up time (years) Median (Min, Max) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.091 | 2 (1, 4) | 4 (1, 4) | 4 (1, 4) | 0.919 | 4 (1, 4) | < 0.001 | |
| CDR Sum of Boxes at baseline Mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.9 (1.0) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.9) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Fuld-OME/SIT Baseline Test Scores Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Total Fuld Recall | 21.8 (4.5) | 17.3 (5.6) | < 0.001 | 20.8 (5.1) | 20.4 (4.2) | 15.3 (5.9) | < 0.001 | 19.9 (4.7) | 0.034 | |
| SIT Bag B Recall | 5.7 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.1) | 0.001 | 5.4 (2.1) | 5.6 (1.7) | 3.8 (2.4) | < 0.001 | 5.4 (1.9) | 0.880 | |
| SIT Bag A Recall | 4.0 (2.2) | 2.4 (2.2) | < 0.001 | 3.6 (2.3) | 4.4 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 4.3 (2.3) | 0.002 | |
| SIT Combined Interference | 9.7 (3.3) | 6.9 (3.5) | < 0.001 | 9.1 (3.6) | 10.0 (3.2) | 6.7 (4.1) | < 0.001 | 9.7 (3.5) | 0.051 | |
| Other Baseline Test Scores Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| MMSE | 27.6 (1.8) | 26.6 (1.8) | 0.003 | 27.4 (1.8) | 27.0 (2.1) | 25.1 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 26.8 (2.2) | 0.002 | |
| Logical Memory Imm | 9.5 (4.2) | 8.1 (3.9) | 0.048 | 9.2 (4.2) | 9.1 (4.0) | 6.2 (3.6) | < 0.001 | 8.8 (4.1) | 0.321 | |
| Logical Memory Del | 7.9 (4.4) | 5.0 (3.8) | < 0.001 | 7.3 (4.4) | 6.3 (4.0) | 3.2 (3.6) | < 0.001 | 6.0 (4.1) | 0.001 | |
| Visual Reproduction Imm | 23.9 (7.5) | 21.7 (7.5) | 0.093 | 23.4 (7.6) | 25.9 (7.2) | 20.8 (8.6) | < 0.001 | 25.4 (7.5) | 0.003 | |
| Visual Reproduction Del | 15.9 (9.5) | 8.7 (9.1) | < 0.001 | 14.2 (9.9) | 14.8 (10.3) | 6.4 (7.8) | < 0.001 | 14.0 (10.4) | 0.744 | |
| Trails B Time (s) | 142 (74) | 177 (81) | 0.016 | 150 (77) | 135 (54) | 170 (54) | 0.001 | 138 (54) | 0.059 | |
| Test Composite | 0.14 (0.74) | −0.37 (0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.02 (0.74) | 0.04 (0.69) | −0.72 (0.66) | < 0.001 | −0.04 (0.73) | 0.351 | |
Welch’s t-test for continuous variables, Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, Wilcoxon rank sum test for follow-up time and CDR Sum of Boxes
Notes: Total Fuld Recall assesses total list recall; SIT Bag B Recall assesses proactive semantic interference; SIT Bag A Recall assesses retroactive semantic interference, and SIT Combined Interference is the sum of the latter two scores. Test Composite is the mean of the 6 test scores directly above, after standardization of the scores using means and standard deviations calculated from the pooled clinic and population study baseline data (negative Trails B Time was used since higher scores indicate worse performance).
Abbreviations: ADRC: Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center; MYHAT: Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team; Prog: Progressors to dementia during follow-up; NonProg: Non-Progressors to dementia during follow-up; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; Fuld-OME: Fuld Object Memory Evaluation; SIT: Semantic Interference Test; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; Imm: Immediate; Del: Delayed; Trails B: Trail Making Test B
ADRC missing: 1 Logical Memory Delayed, 1 Visual Reproduction Immediate, 1 Visual Reproduction Delayed, 4 Trails B Time
MYHAT missing: 10 Logical Memory Immediate, 18 Logical Memory Delayed, 18 Visual Reproduction Immediate, 26 Visual Reproduction Delayed, 49 Trails B Time