Table 2.
Comparison of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding based on obstetric history in the current delivery and the newborn status
| Characteristic | Sub group | N (%) | Duration of exclusive breastfeeding, (month) Mean±SD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Place | Hospital | 2433 (92.16) | 4.59±2.00 | <0.001* |
| Maternity facility | 207 (7.84) | 5.09±1.76 | ||
| Singleton/ multiple pregnancy | Singleton pregnancy | 2613 (99.98) | 4.66±1.96 | <0.001* |
| Twin/triple pregnancy | 27 (1.02) | 1.63±1.71 | ||
| Type of delivery | NVDa | 1038 (39.32) | 4.90±1.81 | <0.001* |
| Cesarean section | 1602 (60.68) | 4.46±2.08 | ||
| Type of Cesarean Section | Non (NVDa) | 1038 (39.32) | 4.89±1.81 | <0.001** |
| Emergency | 574 (21.74) | 4.56±2.04 | ||
| Planned | 1028 (38.94) | 4.39±2.09 | ||
| Anesthesia type | Non (NVDa) | 1038 (39.32) | 4.90±1.81 | <0.001** |
| General | 1047 (39.66) | 4.45±2.07 | ||
| Lumbar | 555 (21.02) | 4.47±2.09 | ||
| Child’s sex | Girl | 1325 (50.19) | 4.66±1.94 | 0.47* |
| Boy | 1315 (49.81) | 4.6±2.03 | ||
| infant’s irritability in the neonatal period (According to mothers’ claim) | Calm | 2530 (95.83) | 4.65±1.97 | 0.007** |
| Normal crying | 90 (3.41) | 3.99±2.20 | ||
| Irritable | 20 (0.76) | 4.98±2.12 | ||
| Skin color of infant at birth (According to mothers’ claim) | Normal | 2214 (83.86) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.23** |
| Red | 381 (14.43) | 4.67±1.95 | ||
| Cyanotic | 45 (1.70) | 4.13±2.27 | ||
| Movement of infant (According to mothers’ claim) | Good | 2590 (98.11) | 4.65±1.97 | 0.009* |
| Weak | 50 (1.89) | 3.67±2.39 | ||
| Place of care after birth | Beside mother | 2440 (92.42) | 4.65±1.96 | 0.002** |
| Neonate ward | 92 (3.48) | 4.73±1.99 | ||
| NICUb | 108 (4.09) | 3.98±2.42 | ||
| Respiratory status of infant (According to mothers’ claim) | Normal | 2554 (96.74) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.65** |
| Requiring nasal O2 | 73 (2.77) | 4.42±2.06 | ||
| Requiring intubation | 13 (0.49) | 4.54±2.17 | ||
| Congenital anomaly of infant | No | 2594 (98.26) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.96* |
| Yes | 46 (1.74) | 4.64±2.11 | ||
| Neonatal’s jaundice (Diagnosis by a physician) | No | 1707 (64.66) | 4.68±1.94 | 0.054* |
| Yes | 933 (35.34) | 4.53±2.06 | ||
| Convulsion of newborn (diagnosed by a physician) | No | 2611 (98.91) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.94* |
| Yes | 29 (1.09) | 4.60±2.29 | ||
| Infection of the newborn (diagnosed by a physician) | No | 2519 (95.42) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.76* |
| Yes | 121 (4.58) | 4.57±2.07 | ||
| Maternal Postpartum vaginal bleeding (diagnosed by a physician) | No | 2580 (97.73) | 4.62±1.98 | 0.44* |
| Yes | 60 (2.27) | 4.82±2.03 | ||
| Maternal infection (resulting in hospitalization or antibiotic treatment) | No | 2478 (93.86) | 4.66±1.97 | 0.001* |
| Yes | 162 (6.14) | 4.11±2.16 | ||
| Urinary tract infection (diagnosed by a physician) | No | 2570 (97.35) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.93* |
| Yes | 70 (2.65) | 4.65±2.11 | ||
| Intolerable Pain (needing extra analgesic) | No | 2432 (92.12) | 4.62±1.98 | 0.59* |
| Yes | 208 (7.88) | 4.70±2.04 | ||
| Depression (resulting in hospitalization or treatment) | No | 2544 (96.36) | 4.64±1.97 | 0.07* |
| Yes | 96 (3.64) | 4.19±2.35 | ||
| Uterine rupture (diagnosed by a physician) | No | 2595 (98.30) | 4.63±1.98 | 0.34* |
| Yes | 45 (1.70) | 4.30±2.31 |
a
normal vaginal delivery
b
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
*
Independent t-test
**
ANOVA when durations of EBF were compared among more than two groups